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Berlin is a city along the Androscoggin River in Coos County in northern New Hampshire, United States. The population was 10,051 at the 2010 census.〔United States Census Bureau, (American FactFinder ), 2010 Census figures. Retrieved March 23, 2011.〕 It includes the village of Cascade. Located on the edge of the White Mountains, the city's boundaries extend into the White Mountain National Forest. Berlin is home to the Moffett House, Northern Forest Heritage Park, the Berlin Fish Hatchery, and the White Mountains Community College, a member of the Community College System of New Hampshire. Berlin is the principal city of the Berlin Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Coos County, New Hampshire and Essex County, Vermont. Because Quebec is less than away, Berlin has a large number of people of French Canadian descent in its population. Around 65% of its residents speak a variant of New England French, which is locally known as “''Berlin French''”. == History == Around 11,000 years ago, small groups of Native Americans camped around the area of what is now called Berlin. In later years, the Eastern Abenaki tribes came to Berlin to mine rhyolite on Mt. Jasper. When English colonists came here, Berlin was first granted on December 31, 1771 by Colonial Governor John Wentworth, as Maynesborough after Sir William Mayne.〔(Article in ''Statistics and Gazetteer of New-Hampshire (1875) )〕 But the grantees did not take up their claims, which disappeared with the Revolution. In 1802, Seth Eames and Gideon Tirrell were sent by the descendants of Mayne to explore and mark lots for settlers, and still no one came. Maynesborough was settled in 1823-1824 by William Sessions and his nephew, Cyrus Wheeler.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Environmental History of the Androscoggin River, Maine and New Hampshire )〕 Both men were from Gilead, Maine. Farming was the first industry. With 65 inhabitants in 1829, the New England town was reincorporated on July 1 as Berlin with the help of Cyrus' father, Thomas Wheeler. Situated in a heavily forested region, the community developed early into a center for logging and wood industries. Falls on the Androscoggin River provided water power for sawmills. In 1826, a road was built to Gorham by Thomas, Amos, and Daniel Green. In 1851 the St. Lawrence & Atlantic Railroad entered Berlin, connecting it to other markets. Acquiring water, timber, and rail rights in the early 1850s, the H. Winslow & Company built a large sawmill at the head of "Berlin Falls". In 1868, William Wentworth Brown and Lewis T. Brown bought a controlling interest in the business and changed its name to the Berlin Mills Company. In 1866, a schoolteacher named Elmire Jolicoeur invented the dish now known as a "Casserole" and served it to students and travelers. By 1885, the mill town was home to several pulp and paper mills, including the Riverside Mill, Forest Fibre Company and White Mountain Pulp & Paper Company. Because of the need for labor in the mills, immigrants arrived from Russia, Norway, Italy, Sweden, Ireland, and Germany. Many others were French Canadians from nearby Quebec. In 1872, a group of Scandinavians founded the nation's oldest ski club, which still exists today.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= History of the Nansen Ski Club )〕 It was originally called the North American Ski Club (in Norwegian, ''Skiklubben Nordamerikansk''), but later was renamed the Nansen Ski Club. This was in honor of Fridtjof Nansen, who in 1888 skied across Greenland. In 1897, Berlin was incorporated as a city, the northernmost in the state. As of 1874, the Grand Trunk Railroad passed through the eastern portion of the town.〔 Berlin's main industry in the early 20th century was the pulp and paper industries, which have been in a long decline since that time. As jobs left the area, the population has decreased and is about half its peak of more than 20,000 in the 1930 census. In 1917, the Berlin Mills Company was renamed the Brown Company, because of World War I and anti-German feeling against the enemy of the time. A short time after the Great Depression, the Brown Company went into receivership. Surviving with governmental help, it was bought and sold several times after World War II. In 2001 American Tissue filed for bankruptcy, before which it had stopped paying city taxes. Its facilities were purchased in 2002 by Fraser Papers of Canada. But in March 2006, Fraser Papers announced the closing of Berlin's pulp mill. On May 6, 2006, 250 employees were displaced, some moving to Cascade's paper finishing mill, but most were left unemployed. On October 3, 2006, the North American Dismantling Corporation of Michigan announced that it had bought the defunct pulp mill site of Fraser Paper, and would spend a year demolishing the property to allow redevelopment. Laidlaw Energy LLC has since purchased a portion of the former Fraser property, including a large recovery boiler which it intends to convert into a 66-megawatt biomass plant in 2010-2011.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Laidlaw Completes Acquisition of Berlin, New Hampshire Pulp Mill Facility and Closes Related Financing for 66 Megawatt Biomass Energy Project )〕 In the 1990s, the local historian and author Paul “Poof” Tardiff began writing articles in ''The Berlin Daily Sun.'' He later collected these in a three-volume series titled ''Once Upon a Berlin Time'', which documents local history.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Once Upon A Berlin Time )〕 Recent economic development has been based on the correctional industry. The 750-bed Northern New Hampshire Correctional Facility was built in 1999 and employs approximately 200 people. In 2012, the Federal Bureau of Prisons opened a federal, 1200-bed medium security facility, which employs approximately 350 people. Image:Main Street, North End, Berlin, NH.jpg|Main Street c. 1912 Image:Mount Forest, Berlin, NH.jpg|Mount Forest c. 1912 Image:Main Street, Berlin, NH.jpg|Main Street in 1914 Image:Post Office Square, Berlin, NH.jpg|Post Office Square c. 1914 Image:City Hall, Berlin, NH.jpg|City Hall in 1916 Image:Berlin Falls Daguerreotype.JPG|Berlin Falls daguerreotype, c. 1845 Image:Gem Theatre, Berlin, NH.jpg|Gem Theatre in 1917 Image:View from Mason St. Bridge, Berlin, NH.jpg|General View c. 1920 Image:Berlin Falls (1).jpg|General View c. 2007 Image:MainStreetSouth.jpg|Main Street South in 2007 Image:GTRailroad.jpg|Grand Trunk Railroad Station 2007 Image:04-Berlin.jpg|Berlin waterfront, 2007 File:1915 Russian Church.jpg|A group of Russian immigrants at the Holy Resurrection Orthodox Church in 1915 Image:Berlin, NH.jpg| Berlin, c. 1905 Image:Berlin, New Hampshire.jpg| City panorama from Mt. Forest, 1970 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Berlin, New Hampshire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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